基于高分辨率遥感的建筑群在地震灾害中的脆弱性和风险分析方法及其应用

A pilot research on high-resolution remote sensing-based method for determining the vulnerabilities and loss risks from seismic disaster of building groups and its application: Taking the buildings in Tangshan peri-urban zones as examples

摘要:

近年来高分辨率遥感技术快速发展，其在灾害研究领域的应用也越来越广。将遥感技术用于建筑群在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险分析，不仅能保证建筑物类型和数量调查更新的时效性，而且有利于进行不同时期损失风险的对比分析，以便揭示震灾损失风险的变化规律。通过分析高分辨率建筑群的遥感影像特征，设计了一套提取建筑物属性信息(高度和面积)的方法，并通过实地调查验证了其可行性;将提取的建筑群属性信息与传统的震灾风险分析模型相结合，即可实现对研究区建筑群在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险分析。以唐山市区和9 个乡镇2009 年的建筑物为研究对象，提取了它们的属性信息，在设定地震烈度情景下，分析了这些建筑物在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology of the high-resolution， remote sensing technology will have a wider application in disaster relief field． The application of the high-resolution remote sensing technology to the analysis of building group vulnerabilities to seismic disasters can not only ensure the timeliness of the investigations of building types and quantity，but also help the comparative analysis of vulnerabilities and loss risks in different stages in order to reveal the changing regularity of loss risk from seismic disaster． Based on the analysis of the image characteristics of the buildings on the high-resolution remote sensing image，this paper designs a method which can be used to extract the attribute information ( including height and area of building) ． The field investigation verifies the feasibility of the method． The analysis of earthquake vulnerabilities of building groups can be done by combining the attribute information of the buildings extracted from the high-resolution image with the traditional model． The paper takes the central area of Tangshan and its nine surrounding towns in 2009 as an example，analyzing the earthquake vulnerabilities of the building groups under the condition of the scenario seismic intensity．