在自然和人类活动的作用下，地球内部的介质会产生变化。通过分析来自重复地震、背景噪音和重复性人工震源等的地震波，进而研究地球介质的变化，是近年来地震学研究的一个热点方向。这些研究为人类认识地震、火山等灾害的物理过程提供了重要的手段。本文介绍了过去10余年中我们在利用人工震源(尤其是大容量气枪震源)探究地下介质结构及其变化方面的研究进展，以期为今后类似的研究提供参考。本文首先介绍了在不同类型震源的性能、数据处理方法等方面的研究进展和主要认识，最后也给出了关于下一步人工震源研究方向的一些思考。

The Earth's structure may change with time under the natural or anthropogenic loading. Monitoring the subtle changes of the subsurface structure with repeatable seismic sources as repeating earthquake，ambient seismic noise，and artificial sources has become one of the hot topics in seismological research. Those studies provide important clues in understanding the physical process of hazardous events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In this review we introduce the practices and advances in exploring and monitoring the subsurface structure with artificial seismic sources. This review is orgainzed as following. First of all，we describe the studies on the characteristics of different types of seismic source (especially the air-gun source). Then the advances on data processing and mechanical understanding are depicted. At the end of this review，we reveal the prospect of future study of exploring and monitoring the subsurface structure and its temporal variations using active source.

中国地震局公益性行业科研专项(201508008)、国家自然科学基金(41474048、41474051、41561164018)、云南省陈颙院士工作站专项经费联合资助