地震电离层现象作为地震事件在电离层中的物理表象，随着观测资料的积累不断地被发现和报道。大量研究结果表明，地震电离层现象复杂多样，难以捕捉和确认。本文针对主要的地震电离层现象进行简要介绍，并依据研究参量、地震事件的震级、异常出现的时间、异常的空间方位以及异常的正负等要素，对以往的地震电离层现象进行分类总结，尝试从现有研究结果中挖掘地震电离层异常出现在震前的天数与震级的关系、异常空间分布方位及频次、正负异常的震中距与震级的关系，探索地震电离层异常现象在时间上的变化特征和空间上的分布特征。

The seismo-ionospheric phenomena,as one of the physical phenomena related with earthquake events,have been reported continuously with the accumulation of observation data and the related earthquake case studies. At present,the lithosphere-ionosphere compling has become an interdisciplinary subject of seismology and space ionospheric physics,and has become a research hotspot. A great deal of research work on seismo-ionospheric phenomenon suggested that the ionospheric anomalies are very complex. In this paper,we briefly reviewed the main research achievements of some major seismo-ionospheric phenomena in recent years. The main research results are firstly classified according to research parameters,earthquake magnitude,occurrence time,anomaly location,positive or negative changes,then the relation between the occurrence time and earthquake magnitude,the spatial distribution characteristic of the anomaly,the relation between the epicentre distance and the earthquake magnitude are obtained. The results of our work are expected to provide some references for the future studies on seismo-ionospheric phenomena.

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中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务专项（DQJB19B11）、“十三五”国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项（2018YFC1503505）和国家自然科学基金面上项目（41774085）共同资助