地基GNSS遥感探测气象应用

A Review of the Ground-based GNSS Remote Sensing in Meteorological Applications

摘要:

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）给定位、导航和授时服务带来了革命性变化，同时其L波段（1160～1610MHz）微波信号可用于全球覆盖、高时间分辨率的大气、海洋和陆表参数遥感探测。基于信号类型，GNSS遥感可分为折射信号遥感和反射信号遥感两大类；基于探测平台，GNSS遥感可分为地基GNSS遥感、空基GNSS遥感和天基GNSS遥感三大类。随着我国自主建设的北斗卫星导航系统全面建成，GNSS遥感将迎来新的发展机遇和挑战。本文回顾近20年地基GNSS遥感探测在气象领域的应用进展，展望其在气象领域下一步可能的应用。

Abstract:

Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has revolutionized the positioning,navigation and timing service for modern social activities. The L-band signals(1160～1610 MHz)emitted from GNSS satellites are available all over the world and can be used to retrieve the physical parameters related to atmosphere,ocean and land surface with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Based on signal types,the concepts of GNSS remote sensing include two categories,i.e. GNSS refractometry and GNSS reflectometry(GNSS-R). These concepts can also be classified into three categories:ground-based GNSS remote sensing,airborne GNSS remote sensing and spaceborne GNSS remote sensing based on different platforms. As the third generation of China Beidou GNSS system started to provide full service in summer of the year 2020,the GNSS users around the world may have more opportunities as well as face more challenges on further exploiting the multi-GNSS(GPS,BDS,GLONASS and Galileo)signals in civil service. In this study we make a comprehensive review of ground-based GNSS remote sensing for meteorological applications including weather nowcasting,numerical weather prediction,climate change,space weather monitoring and validations of satellite and radiosonde observations during recent two decades.