稳定可靠的地震台站观测环境是台站产出高质量观测数据的基本要求。对台站观测环境的改造，是中国地震局近年来项目重点支持的方向。全国重点地震台站优化改造项目致力于地震台站的观测环境、基础设施和工作条件等保障系统的优化改造，使其适应和满足现代地震观测技术发展的需要。本文系统地总结了重点台站优化改造项目自2001年开展实施的相关情况，并对关键技术进行分析，主要体现在测震仪器的防震加固设计、地磁观测室无磁性工艺、形变山洞防潮保温、地电阻率观测架空线路防雷改造、台站标准化改造等方面。通过这些新技术和工艺，保障了台站观测环境，提升了观测数据质量，为地震监测、地震预测预报和地震科学研究提供了高质量的基础数据支撑。此外，探讨了新形势下台站优化改造的新内容与新技术，为今后台站改造的发展方向提供一定参考。

Stable and reliable observation environment is the basic requirement for high-quality observation data. The improvement of the observation environment of the stations has been received great attention by CEA in recent years. The Nationwide Key Seismic Stations Optimization and Reconstruction Project is committed to the optimization and transformation of the observation environment,infrastructure and working conditions of the seismic stations in order to adapt the requirement of the development of modern seismic observation technology. In this paper we systematically summarized the implementation of the Nationwide Key Seismic Station Optimization and Reconstruction Project from 2001 and analyzed the critical technologies. We mainly focused on the design of seismic instrument,non-magnetic technology of geomagnetic observation room,moisture-proof and thermal insulation of deformation cave,lightning protection transformation of overhead line of apparent resistivity observation,and station standardization transformation. Through these new technologies and processes,the observation environment is getting better,the quality of observation data is improved,and the high-quality basic data support is provided for earthquake monitoring,earthquake prediction and earthquake scientific research. Finally we discussed the new content and critical technology in the new situation to provide certain reference for the development direction of the station transformation in the future.

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重点台站优化改造项目、台站标准化改造专项共同资助