地震地下流体在地震预测研究与震情跟踪方面发挥着重要作用，本文对2021年5月22日青海玛多M_S7.4地震前震中附近地下流体观测资料及异常特征进行系统分析，并结合震前预测过程进行了回顾性总结。结果表明，玛多M_S7.4地震震中距500km范围内存在5项异常，其中4项为短期异常，主要出现在震前2～3个月。异常在空间上分布不均匀，主要位于玛多M_S7.4地震震中的东北部和西南部，整体呈现出由外围向震中收缩的迁移特征，且玛多M_S7.4地震和2010年青海玉树M_S7.1地震在异常特征和应力加载作用方面具有较好的相似性。研究结果为地震监测能力较低地区积累了震例资料，对于提升强震地下流体前兆异常认识及未来震情趋势判定水平具有一定的参考意义。

Underground fluid observation plays an important role in earthquake prediction research and earthquake tracking. In this paper, the observation data and characteristics of anomalies from underground fluid around the epicenter of Maduo M_S7.4 earthquake on May 22, 2021 were systematically analyzed, and the prediction process before the earthquake was reviewed. the results show that there exist 5 anomalies within 500km of Maduo epicenter, and 4 of them are short-term anomalies, mainly occurring 2~3 months before the earthquake. the anomalies are evenly distributed in space, but mainly located in the northeast and southwest of Maduo epicenter, displaying an overall migration characteristic from the periphery to the epicenter. There exists a good similarity between Maduo M_S7.4 earthquake and Qinghai Yushu M_S7.1 earthquake in 2010 in terms of anomaly characteristics and stress loading. the results of this paper added more earthquake cases for areas with low seismic monitoring ability, and have certain reference for improving the understanding of precursory anomalies of underground fluid of strong earthquakes and for determining future earthquake situation trend.

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国家重点研发计划（2018YFE0109700、2018YFC150330505）、中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目（XH19055）、中国地震局震情跟踪定向工作任务（2021010311）、中国地震台网中心青年科技基金（QNJJ202015）共同资助