重大突发事件中提升志愿服务应急能力的现实思考

Thoughts on Improving the Emergency Responding Ability of Volunteer Service in Major Emergencies

摘要:

重大突发事件的应对处置能力是国家治理体系和治理能力的重要组成部分，也是国家治理能力现代化的重要体现。志愿服务作为新时代社会治理的重要元素，在重大突发事件应对中发挥着独特的作用。然而从近年来重大突发事件应对的现状来看，无论是在质还是量上，志愿服务都难以满足应急工作的需要。通过对近年来重大突发事件的梳理和对灾区的实证调研，提出了重大突发事件中增强志愿服务应急法治能力建设，加强“平战结合”的专业建设能力，提升“互联网+”多方合作的联动协调能力，制定志愿服务应急的精准激励保障能力等方面的思考和建议，对于改善重大突发事件中志愿服务应急能力困境具有一定的价值。

Abstract:

The ability to deal with major emergencies is an important part of the national governance system and governance capabilities, and it is also an important manifestation of the modernization of national governance capabilities. Volunteer service, as an important element of social governance in the new era, also plays a unique role in responding to major emergencies. However, judging from the current situation of responding to major emergencies in recent years, it is difficult for volunteer services to meet the needs of emergency work in terms of quality and quantity. For example, most volunteers are in lack of experience in dealing with major emergencies, and even without professional training. In reviewing the lessons learnt from the typical cases of major emergencies in recent years and actual investigations in disaster areas, in this paper we proposed the following countermeasures to improve the ability, i.e. following the rule of law for volunteer services to participate in emergency;strengthening the professional construction capacity of "combining peacetime with wartime";enhancing the linkage coordination ability of "Internet+" multi-party cooperation;and formulating the precise incentive guarantee ability of volunteer participation in emergency. These above countermeasures are helpful for solving the dilemma of volunteer participation in major emergencies.